In many discussions I see the category "entrepreneur" being used to mean many a concept. Usually, "entrepreneur" is employed in its heroic version, as defined by Schumpeter and usually associated in the common conversation with innovation, creativity, or those light-bulbs. However, there is so much more to it, and we seem to have recurring types of entrepreneurs, depending on the time, place and state of the technology. With these I mind, I'm citing here an excerpt from Peter Nijkamp's paper,
Entrepreneurship in a modern network economy, summarizing the known types of entrepreneurs:
In their standard work on ‘The Entrepreneur’ Hebert and Link (1982) make the following typological classification of the ‘species’ of entrepreneur:
1. The entrepreneur is the person who assumes the risk associated with uncertainty (e.g. Cantillon, Von Thtinen, Mill, Hawley, Knight, Von Mises, Cole, Shackle)
2. The entrepreneur is the person who supplies financial capital (e.g. Smith, Bohm-Bawerk, Pigou, Von Mises)
3. The entrepreneur is an innovator (e.g. Bentham, Von Thtinen, Schmoller, Sombart, Weber, Schumpeter, Shakle)
4. The entrepreneur is a decision maker (e.g. Cantillon, Menger, Marshall, Wieser, Amasa Walker, Francis Walker, Keynes, Von Mises, Cole, Schultz)
5. The entrepreneur is an industrial leader (e.g. Say, Saint-Simon, Amasa Walker, Francis Walker, Marshall, Wieser, Sombart, Weber, Schumpeter)
6. The entrepreneur is a manager or superintendent (e.g. Say, Mill, Marshall, Menger)
7. The entrepreneur is an organiser and co-ordinator of economic resources (e.g. Say, Wieser, Sombart, Weber, Clark, Davenport, Schumpeter, Coase)
8. The entrepreneur is the owner of an enterprise (e.g. Quesnay, Wieser, Pigou, Hawley)
9. The entrepreneur is an employer of factors of production (e.g. Amasa Walker, Francis Walker, Wieser, Keynes)
10. The entrepreneur is a contractor (e.g. Bentham)
11. The entrepreneur is an ‘arbitrageur’ (e.g. Cantillon, Walras, Kirzner)
12. The entrepreneur is an allocator of resources among alternative uses (e.g. Cantillon, Schultz).
For more, google the names in the parentheses. Is this all entrepreneurs can be? For sure not, so think ahead, which is another way of saying, be entrepreneuring!
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